Transformers
Transformers specifically refer to transformers, whose core function is to achieve efficient conversion and transmission of electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction. As the core device for power conversion, its design and application run through the entire chain of power, electronics, and communication systems, and are key components supporting the development of modern energy and information industries.
1. Transformers Overview
A transformer is a magnetic component that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change AC voltage, current or impedance. Its working principle is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction: when AC is passed into the primary winding, the alternating magnetic field generated will induce an electromotive force in the secondary winding, thereby realizing energy transfer. The voltage conversion ratio is determined by the turn ratio of the primary and secondary windings.
2. What is the Core Structure and Classification of Transformers?
1) Basic Structure: It consists of an iron core (magnetic core), a primary coil (primary winding), and a secondary coil (secondary winding). Some types use oil-immersed or dry designs to improve insulation and heat dissipation performance.
2) Classification standards:
Purpose: distribution transformer, combination transformer, network transformer, etc.
Construction: high-frequency transformer, pulse transformer, isolation transformer, etc.
Cooling method: oil-cooled, air-cooled, etc.
3. What are the Main Functions and Application Areas of Transformers?
1) Function:
Voltage/current conversion: matching the power requirements of different devices;
Impedance matching: optimizing signal transmission efficiency;
Electrical isolation: ensuring circuit safety.
2) Application scenarios:
Power system: voltage rise and fall and power distribution in the power grid;
Electronic equipment: power adapter, signal isolation, RF module power supply, etc.
Communication network: network transformer realizes signal format conversion and noise isolation.
4. What is the Technology Development Trend of Transformers?
Modern transformers are evolving towards high frequency, miniaturization, and integration, such as using new magnetic materials (such as amorphous alloys) to reduce losses or combining semiconductor technology to develop smart transformers. In addition, the demand for high-efficiency transformers in new energy fields (such as photovoltaic inverters and electric vehicle charging systems) continues to grow.
5. Typical Brands for Transformers
YAGEO
TDK
BOURNS
SIEMENS
6. Transformers FAQs
1) What are the common types of transformers in electronic circuits?
Power transformer: used for AC voltage conversion (such as 220V to 12V);
RF transformer: processes high-frequency signals and is often used in communication equipment;
Audio transformer: optimizes the quality of audio signal transmission;
Pulse transformer: used for pulse signal isolation in digital circuits.
2) What parameters should be considered when selecting a transformer?
Input/output voltage: needs to match circuit requirements;
Rated power: determines load capacity;
Operating frequency: special types (such as RF transformers) are required for high-frequency circuits;
Packaging form: selected according to space and heat dissipation requirements.
3) What is the difference between a transformer and an inductor?
Although both are passive components, the core difference lies in:
Function: Inductors store magnetic field energy and hinder current changes, while transformers achieve energy transfer and voltage conversion;
Structure: Transformers contain at least two coupled coils, while inductors only require a single winding;
Application scenarios: Inductors are mostly used for filtering and resonant circuits, while transformers focus on power transmission and isolation.
4) How to choose a transformer according to the operating frequency?
The typical frequency matching principles are as follows:
Low frequency (50Hz-1kHz): Industrial frequency transformers (such as power transformers) using silicon steel cores;
Medium and high frequency (kHz-MHz): Switching transformers or RF transformers using ferrite cores;
Ultra-high frequency (GHz): Dedicated planar transformers or integrated waveguide structures are required to reduce parasitic parameters.