LED Color Lighting
1. Color LED Overview
Color LED is a light-emitting device based on PN junction semiconductor materials. When a forward voltage is applied, electrons and holes recombine near the PN junction, and energy is released in the form of photons to produce visible light. Its luminous color is determined by the bandgap width of the semiconductor material, for example:
GaAs (gallium arsenide): infrared light;
GaP (gallium phosphide): red or green light;
GaN (gallium nitride): blue or ultraviolet light.
2. What are the Types of Color LED?
1)Monochromatic LED: Directly emits monochromatic light (such as red, green, and blue) through specific semiconductor materials.
2) Multicolor LED:
Two-color/three-color type: adopts a multi-pin design, and controls different color combinations by switching the driving voltage (such as a three-pin structure, a common positive pole, and separate negative pole control).
RGB LED: Integrates red, green, and blue primary color chips to achieve full-color display through brightness mixing.
White light LED: A blue light chip excites phosphor or three primary colors to generate white light.
3. What are the Technical Parameters of Color LED?
Wavelength Range:
Red light: 650–720 nm; Green light: 510–520 nm; Blue light: 460–470 nm; Yellow light: 570–580 nm.
Drive characteristics: Forward voltage is usually 1.8–3.6 V, and current needs to be limited (5–20 mA) to prevent overheating damage.
4. What is Color LED Used for?
Display and indication: Digital device status lights, traffic lights, and instrument panel indicators.
Full-color display: LED display screens (advertising screens, large screens in sports stadiums, etc.), dynamically combine images through RGB pixels.
Lighting and decoration: Smart home atmosphere lights, car taillights, and architectural landscape lighting.
5. What are the Technical Advantages of Color LED?
High efficiency and energy saving: Electrical energy is directly converted into light energy, with efficiency far exceeding that of incandescent lamps.
Long life: The theoretical life span can reach tens of thousands of hours (without mechanical loss).
Fast response: Microsecond switching speed, suitable for high-frequency dynamic display.
6. Color LED FAQs
1) How does Color LED achieve color change?
Technical Principle: Color LED can generate 16.7 million colors by controlling the brightness and mixing ratio of the three primary color light-emitting diodes of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
Color Adjustment Mode: Supports RGBW color mixing system, combined with linear dimming technology (0-100% independent adjustment) to achieve smooth and flicker-free color transition.
2) What are the control methods of Color LED?
Smart Terminal Control: Adjust color, brightness, and dynamic effects through mobile phone apps or wireless remote controls, and support radio frequency (RF) control (up to 50 meters).
Professional Console: Use the DMX512 protocol or RMD console to achieve remote address code control, suitable for scenes such as stage lighting and large display screens.
Automation Mode: Supports voice control, self-propelled mode, master-slave synchronization, etc., and can run preset programs without human intervention.
3) What are the precautions for purchasing Color LED products?
Performance Parameters: Pay attention to brightness (nits), color gamut coverage, grayscale level (256 or above is recommended), and refresh rate (to avoid screen smearing).
Compatibility: Confirm whether the product supports mainstream control protocols (such as DMX512) and power supply voltage range (such as AC100-240V wide voltage design).
Heat Dissipation and Protection: Give priority to products with built-in overvoltage/overheating protection devices, and pay attention to the IP protection level (IP20 is commonly used indoors).
4) How does Color LED generate white light?
Blue Light Excites Phosphor: Blue LED excites yellow phosphor and mixes to produce white light. This solution has a simple structure and high efficiency and is the current mainstream technology.
Tri-color Synthesis: The light from red, green, and blue LEDs is combined to generate white light, which is often used in full-color display devices.
5) What is the color temperature adjustment range of Color LED?
Typical Products: Some high-end lamps (such as STORM XT52) support 2500K–10000K wide color temperature adjustment, covering the range of warm light to cold white light, and the brightness and color temperature are accurately matched.
Spectral Performance: Close to the daylight spectrum (SSI 87/86), while meeting the high color rendering requirements of CRI&TLCI ≥96.
6) What stages have the technology development of LED display screens gone through?
Modular Stage: Modular design was adopted in the early stage, which is suitable for basic display needs.
Plug-in Stage: Display accuracy is improved by plugging in independent lamp beads. SMD Stage: Developed into three-in-one surface mount (three-color package), separate surface mount (three-color independent package), and sub-surface mount (linearly arranged pixels), significantly improving color uniformity and resolution.
7) How to balance the heat dissipation and lightweight design of multi-color LEDs?
Lightweight Solution: Using high-density integrated light sources (such as COB packaging), the lamp head weight can be less than 28KG, and can be operated by one person.
Cooling Technology: Built-in overheating protection device, combined with aluminum substrate heat dissipation design, to ensure that the temperature is controllable during high-brightness operation.